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Kevin Brownlow
Kevin Brownlow (born 2 June 1938 in Crowborough, Sussex, England) is a British film historian, television documentary-maker, filmmaker, author, and film editor. Brownlow is best known for his work documenting the history of the silent era. Brownlow became interested in silent film at the age of eleven. This interest grew into a career spent documenting and restoring film. He has rescued many silent films and their history. His initiative in interviewing many largely forgotten, elderly film pioneers in the 1960s and 1970s preserved a legacy of cinema. Brownlow received an Academy Honorary Award at the 2nd Annual Governors Awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on 13 November 2010.〔()〕 This marked the first time that an Academy Honorary Award was given to a film preservationist.
==''It Happened Here'' and ''Winstanley''==
Brownlow's interest in World War II prompted the creation of his alternative-history film, ''It Happened Here'' in which the Nazis have conquered Britain. Brownlow began work on the film at the age of 18 and soon began to collaborate with a friend Andrew Mollo, who was 16. After 8 years of struggle, during which the film's content changed dramatically, it was completed in 1964 with the last-minute aid of Tony Richardson.〔Robinson, David (1968). "Introduction", pp. 11–20. In Kevin Brownlow, ''How It Happened Here''. London & Japan: UKA Press 2007, ISBN 978-1-905796-10-6.〕 The film was widely seen in the UK at film festivals, and it was picked up for major distribution by United Artists (UA). There were negative reactions in the media to parts of the film, complaints from some Jewish groups, and in October 1965 UA's American president, Arthur B. Krim, said the film would not see theatrical release unless the offending parts were cut out. Brownlow and Mollo tried to convince UA to run the film complete, but they were out-manoeuvred. The film finally began its theatrical run in May 1966, minus the disputed scenes. It was seen in London, New York, Copenhagen, Paris, Stockholm, Los Angeles and Haifa, and was reviewed positively. After the run, UA reported to Brownlow and Mollo that all of the box office receipts had been used to pay the advertising and distribution costs. The two filmmakers did not make any money from the film.〔Brownlow 1968, pp. 185–95.〕
In 1968, Brownlow published a book, ''How It Happened Here'', which described the making of the film, and the reception it received. Not only does it explain how two teenage boys made a feature film, it also explores the provocative social issues raised by the movie. Brownlow had allowed genuine British Fascists to play themselves in the film, which angered some Jewish organizations. The book contained almost 100 pictures, mostly stills from the film and an introduction by film critic and author David Robinson. A new edition was published by UKA Press in 2007.〔http://davidgardiner.net/how.html〕
After this cinematic feat Mollo and Brownlow began another project, ''Winstanley'', about Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers commune following the English Civil War. The duo spent several years trying to gain support and following a long and difficult shoot, the film was released in 1975. In 2009 UKA Press published ''Winstanley: Warts and All'', a making-of book. Brownlow had written it shortly after completing work on the film, but the manuscript had sat on the shelf for 34 years before being published.
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